The subregion stretches from Eritrea in the north to Mozambique in the south. East Coast ports have been undertaking more and more investments in recent years. Tanzania and Uganda fought the UgandaTanzania War in 19781979, which led to the removal of Uganda's despotic leader Idi Amin. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. Kilwa, Pate, and Mogadishu also developed a local textile industry while Kilwa and Mogadishu extracted copper from nearby mines. Ruins at Kilwa, on the southern Tanzanian coast, probably date from the 9th or perhaps from the 8th century. To comment on this story: Download our app here - it's a troll-free safe place . In March 1505, having received from Manuel I of Portugal the appointment of viceroy of the newly conquered territory in India, he set sail from Lisbon in command of a large and powerful fleet, and arrived in July at Quiloa (Kilwa), which yielded to him almost without a struggle. Experts say it is time . Established 1991, BEST SAFARI PRICES WWFs goal is to have over 31 million acres of land in Tanzania managed in this way, which will help wildlife migration outside of protected areas. The Dragonfly Sea (2019) by Kenyan author Yvonne Owuor follows the story of a protagonist named Ayaana on the island of Pate. Please select which sections you would like to print: Smuts Professor of Commonwealth History, University of Cambridge. During the period of the Scramble for Africa, almost every country in the larger region to varying degrees became part of a European colonial empire. The red stood for the English, blue stood for the French, and the beige stood for Germany during the period of colonialism. [49], After their movements from their original homeland in West Africa, Bantus also encountered in central east Africa peoples of Cushitic origin. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Djibouti, as well as the Puntland and Somaliland regions of Somalia, have also seen relative stability. At the same time, inland areas were restored, enabling mangroves to adapt to sea level rise. In 2011 with WWFs support, the government of Mozambique officially created the Lake Niassa Reserve. The water temperature right now is at least 32F and at most 85F. Some parts of East Africa have been renowned for their concentrations of wild animals, such as the "big five": the elephant, buffalo, lion, black rhinoceros,[21] and leopard, though populations have been declining under increased stress in recent times, particularly those of the rhino and elephant. Elephants and other wildlife require freedom to roam in search of food and freshwater. We also introduced a new program of raising goats and offered improved husbandry techniques to reduce the animals impact on vegetation and crops. Physical Geography. Nearly all of them rely directly on its marine resources for their livelihoods. For discussion of the physical and human geography of individual countries in the region and of their late colonial and postcolonial history, see Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Should we carry along the same path, its estimated that there will be no fish left in the ocean by 2050. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. The construction of Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593 was meant to solidify Portuguese hegemony in the region, but their influence was clipped by the British, Dutch and Omani Arab incursions into the Great Lakes region during the 17th century. Nilotic languages, such as Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai and Nuer, are spoken in lesser numbers, primarily in the African Great Lakes and Nile Valley. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. Eastern Africa region The Nairobi Convention A: Overview The Western Indian Ocean region is characterised by high biodiversity, both in terms of species and ecosystems, with a young and growing human population, especially in coastal urban centres. Inshore, people often mistake the pectoral fin of a sunfish floating on the surface to be that of a sharks dorsal fin. There appears also to have been a rather extensive trade with the island of Madagascar. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! Sailors and Daughters reveals the expansive maritime societies of Zanzibar, the east African coast, and beyond. For all its richness, the region also has some of the highest rates of people living below the poverty line on the planet. [79], According to the CIA, as of 2017, the countries in the eastern Africa region have a total population of around 537.9 million inhabitants.[80]. East coast rock lobsters found in the Indo-West Pacific region, from East Africa along the coast of the Indian Ocean, as far as the Malay Archipelago, and then along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean to Japan in the north and Australia, New Caledonia and probably the Marquesas Islands in the south. [76][77][78], South Sudan peacefully seceded from the Sudan in 2011, six and a half years after a peace agreement ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. Eastern Africa has a diverse climate change that consist of hot, dry desert regions, cooler, and highlands. The Indian Ocean trade was conducted through the barter system but later coins were used as a medium of exchange. Though the majority of its houses were of wattle and daub, there were also some of stone. The major difference between conservation of the animals on the land and that of the sea is that 30 million people rely on the coastal reef ecosystems to subsist and sustain their livelihoods. The region also comprises the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea, which are . Twin parallel rift valleys that are part of the East African Rift System run through the region. Because of offshore islands, better landing places, and wetter climate, Arab traders from about 700 seem to have preferred the East African coast to the south of modern Somalia. South Sudanese independence was nearly derailed by the South Kordofan conflict, particularly a dispute over the status of the Abyei Area, and both Abyei and South Kordofan's Nuba Hills remained a source of tension between Juba and Khartoum as of 2011[update]. This is usually attributed to the passage of the Intertropical Convergence Zone across the region in those months, but it may also be analogous to the autumn monsoon rains of parts of Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and the Brazilian Nordeste. The Glorioso Islands are a small atoll in the Indian Ocean off East Africa, near Madagascar, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Madagascar is by far the biggest, and a continent on its own when it comes to wildlife. Aromatic gums, tortoiseshell, ivory, and slaves were traded in return. This includes: - 3,000 species of molluscs - 1,500 species of fish - 1,000 species of seaweed Turn-of-the-century maritime photographs, dhows off the east African coast Monsoon Dhows Sailors have harnessed the Indian Ocean's monsoon winds for at least two millennia. The eastern coast of Africa looks out over the Indian Ocean, which, though vast, is comparatively easily navigated. Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. To reduce illegal fishing, WWF supports local rangers who monitor artisanal fisheries. I was swimming slowly after it, blacking out the background to highlight its vivid colours. ~ Peet J. van Eeden, ? Corrections? Only with more knowledge can we hope to make informed decisions. We hope to create an unprecedented data set that will be shared among NGOs, governments, universities and scientists in order to assess coral and fish population health, human usage, and fishing practices. The first identifiable building sites are dated from this time, and, according to Arab geographers, the East African coast was then generally thought of as being divided into four: (1) Berber (Amazigh) lands, which ran down the Somalian coast to the Shabeelle River, (2) Zanj proper, (3) the land of Sofala in present-day Mozambique, whence gold was beginning to be shipped by about the 10th century, and (4) a vaguely described land of Waq waq, beyond. From the base, several columns stretched up high into the water column. Its a beautiful part of the world this blue desert with its hidden abundance of life. Foreigners operate large-scale industrial fisheries along the coast, exporting most of the catch. A whale shark swims with a diver off the coast of East Africa. Starting in the 1850s, the small protectorate of Djibouti became French Somaliland in 1897. It must be a long-term collective commitment to protecting what connects us - our ocean. The Horn of Africa, a major peninsular extension of the African mainland into the Arabian Sea, contains the vast lowland coastal plains of Somalia. Local merchants gathered ivory from the south, gold from the western interior and frankincense and myrrh from northern Africa. In and around Quirimbas National Park in northern Mozambique, we have worked with farmers to minimize physical confrontation with elephants, protect crop fields and save lives. For example, we work with farmers to adopt drought resistant crops and conserve natural resources in the face of water shortages. Overfishingfor local consumption and export to commercial marketsposes a major threat to the region. Shadows in the water at the Aliwal Shoal, South Africa Christophe Lapeze (Photographer of the Year 2017 Entrant), ? . The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. The east coast of Africa experiences seasonally alternating 'trade' winds which have enabled sailing dhows to travel up and down the coast, fostering the movement of people and goods between the countries of Arabia, the Western Indian Ocean and East Africa for many centuries. Warming seawaters threaten the incredible diversity associated with the regions coral reefs, leading to die-offs from bleaching. A man exercises on an unseasonably warm December day in New York City. . Several countries border the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. WWF helped Mozambique establish the Quirimbas marine reserve in 2002. Temperatures in East Africa, except on the hot and generally humid coastal belt, are moderate, with maxima of around 25 C (77 F) and minima of 15 C (59 F) at an altitude of 1,500 . And four species of commercially important tunabigeye, albacore, yellowfin and skipjackare found here. 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