If he showed a spirit of courageous manhood he was hanged for his pains, and the killing was justified by the declaration that he was a saucy nigger. Colored women have been murdered because they refused to tell the mobs where relatives could be found for lynching bees. Boys of fourteen years have been lynched by white representatives of American civilization. Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. This confession, while humiliating in the extreme, was not satisfactory; and, while the United States cannot protect, she can pay. by Frederick Douglass (illustrated HTML at NIU) The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in American facilities, such as transport, hotel, and education, was constitutional (Baker et al., 2018). In her lifetime, she battled sexism, racism, and violence. Over one hundred have been lynched in this half year. Despite her efforts it would be another generation before Congress addressed the issue. For the next four decades she would devote her life, often at great personal risk, to campaigning against lynching. Wells, I. . Five of this number were females. A Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings in the United States, 1892-1893-1894, Respectfully Submitted to the Nineteenth Century Civilization in 'the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave' (Chicago: Donohue and Henneberry, 1895), by Ida B. Wells-Barnett, contrib. Wells starts her inspiring movement with writing the pamphlet, Lynch Law in Georgia. Ida B. Wells-Barnett's Arena article was groundbreaking in many ways. Lynch Law in America By Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1900) O ur count ry' s nat ional cri m e i s l ynchi ng. In 1892 there were 241 persons lynched. A new name was given to the killings and a new excuse was invented for so doing. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime. She refused and was ejected from the train. Ida B. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute-books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Wells was a pioneer in the fight for African American civil rights. In Texarkana, the year before, men and boys amused themselves by cutting off strips of flesh and thrusting knives into their helpless victim. Ida B. Wells. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. Our nation has been active and outspoken in its endeavors to right the wrongs of the Armenian Christian, the Russian Jew, the Irish Home Ruler, the native women of India, the Siberian exile, and the Cuban patriot. Paid China for outrages on Pacific Coast.. 276,619.75 She refused and was forcibly removed from the train. At Newman, Ga., of the present year, the mob tried every conceivable torture to compel the victim to cry out and confess, before they set fire to the faggots that burned him. It is considered a sufficient excuse and reasonable justification to put a prisoner to death under this unwritten law for the frequently repeated charge that these lynching horrors are necessary to prevent crimes against women. Print friendly. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint. The campaign Ida B. This document was downloaded from Lit2Go, a free online collection of stories and poems in Mp3 (audiobook) format published by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology. One of the most outspoken and tireless leaders against lynch law was Ida B. Wells-Barnett. Copyright 20062023 by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida. Paid Great Britain for outrages on James Bainand Frederick Dawson . 2,800.00. The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Wo Equal Rights Amendment to the Federal Constitutio Better Baby Contest, Indiana State Fair, State of the Union Address Part IV (1911). Wells was a destroyer of narratives and would not hesitate to decimate our modern-day ones. Wells." . However, the verdict of her innocence was overturned by Tennessee Appeals Court, the injustice shocking Ida. Ida B. Wells's speech, "Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases," delivered in 1892, stands as a counterpoint to two more frequently studied rhetorical events. This is the work of the unwritten law about which so much is said, and in whose behest butchery is made a pastime and national savagery condoned. This she has done, and it is certain will have to do again in the case of the recent lynching of Italians in Louisiana. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408 (accessed March 2, 2023). It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. The Tariff History of the United States (Part I), The Tariff History of the United States (Part II). Although the victims of lynchings were members of various ethnicities, after roughly 4 million enslaved African Americans were emancipated, they became the primary targets of white Southerners. (1900). "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. 5Maryland.. 1 Wyoming. 9Mississippi.. 16 Arizona Ter 3Missouri.. 6 Oklahoma 2 They had no time to give the prisoner a bill of exception or stay of execution. This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. She was, of course, attacked for that at home. ThoughtCo. Of this number, 160 were of negro descent. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], State of the Union Address Part III (1911). Paid Italy for lynchings at Walsenburg, Col 10,000.00 It is generally known that mobs in Louisiana, Colorado, Wyoming, and other States have lynched subjects of other countries. But this alleged reason adds to the deliberate injustice of the mobs work. But that did not stop journalist Ida B. WELLS New York City, Oct. 26, 1892 To the Afro-American women of New York and Brooklyn, whose race love, earnest zeal and unselfish effort at Lyric Hall, in the City of New York, on the night of October 5, 1892made possible its publication, this pamphlet is gratefully dedicated by the author. This is the work of the unwritten law about which so much is said, and in whose behest butchery is made a pastime and national savagery condoned. . . The Revolt of 1910 Against Speaker Joseph Cannon, It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Wells was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862, six months before the Emancipation Proclamation granted freedom to her enslaved parents. . Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408. Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime [in the South]. "Lynch Law in America" (Speech Given in Chicago, Illinois; Jan. 1900) by Ida B Wells Our country's national crime is lynching. She examined a number of cases of lynching and concluded that the accusations of criminal activity were mere pretexts, contrary to the claims of those who tried to justify the practice. And in May 1892 the office of her newspaper, the Free Speech, was attacked by a white mob and burned. This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. What does the geographic dispersion of lynching and its biracial character tell us? Following the death of both her parents of yellow fever in 1878, Ida, at age 16, began teaching in a one-room schoolhouse in rural Mississippi. In 1895 Wells married Ferdinand Barnett, an editor and lawyer in Chicago. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, ne Ida Bell Wells, (born July 16, 1862, Holly Springs, Mississippi, U.S.died March 25, 1931, Chicago, Illinois), American journalist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. . Andrew Carnegie on "The Triumph of America" (1885) Henry Grady on the New South (1886) Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918) Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper" (1913) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890) ters were from Ida B. Wells-Barnettjournalist, author, public speaker, and civil rights activistwho received national and international attention for her efforts to expose, educate, and inform the public on the evils and truths of lynching. Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. She was also active in the womens rights movement. Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" primary source document from the chapter titled "Lynch Law in All Its Phases" by Ida B. The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. Southern horrors : lynch law in all its phases Names Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931 (Author) Dates / Origin Date Issued: 1892 Place: New York Publisher: New York Age Print Library locations Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division Shelf locator: Sc Rare 364.1-B (Barnett, I.B. They lived in Chicago and had four children. The alleged menace of universal suffrage having been avoided by the absolute suppression of the negro vote, the spirit of mob murder should have been satisfied and the butchery of negroes should have ceased. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a teacher, activist, and journalist who worked tirelessly from the late 1890s to document and fight against lynching throughout the United States. Lynching was the widespread occurrence of extrajudicial killings which began in the United States' pre-Civil War South in the 1830s and ended during the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. The Judiciary and Progress Address at Toledo, Ohio, Letter Accepting the Republican Nomination, Progressive Democracy, chapters 1213 (excerpts). The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. From Ida B. Naturally, they felt slight toleration for traitors in their own ranks. Southern . Ida B. The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells-Barnett - Free Ebook Project Gutenberg 70,082 free ebooks 4 by Ida B. Wells-Barnett Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells-Barnett Download This eBook Similar Books Readers also downloaded In African American Writers In Crime Nonfiction Bibliographic Record It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. She did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justificationsparticularlythe rape of white women by black mencommonly offered to justify the practice. The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. . . The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. The text of Ida B. Wells' "Lynch Law in All its Phases" an address given at Tremont Temple in the Boston Monday Lectureship on February . . There it has flourished ever since, marking the thirty years of its existence with the inhuman butchery of more than ten thousand men, women, and children by shooting, drowning, hanging, and burning them alive. Neither do brave men or women stand by and see such things done without compunction of conscience, nor read of them without protest. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. She went on to found and become integral in groups. There it has flourished ever since, marking the thirty years of its existence with the inhuman butchery of more than ten thousand men, women, and children by shooting, drowning, hanging, and burning them alive. Wells." Ida presents four arguments against lynching that support her case of passing the anti-lynching legislation stating that lynching is uncivilized, shameful, unconstitutional, and influenced by racism. The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. The report noted that Wells had been welcomed by a local chapter of the Anti-Lynching Society, and a letter from Frederick Douglass, regretting that he couldn't attend, had been read. But the reign of the national law was short-lived and illusionary. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one southern state after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. In support of its plans the Ku-Klux Klans, the red-shirt and similar organizations proceeded to beat, exile, and kill negroes until the purpose of their organization was accomplished and the supremacy of the unwritten law was effected. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. Project Gutenberg made this transcription from one of the three and maintained all "curiosities in . . It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. United States Atrocities : Lynch Law. The entire number is divided among the following states. Wells. When the court adjourned, the prisoner was dead. She began to write about her experiences, and became affiliated with The Living Way, a newspaper published by African Americans. But this alleged reason adds to the deliberate injustice of the mobs work. 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Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. Ida B. Wells-Barnett's "Lynch Law in America" remains a compelling account of white violence as both savage and systemic, and of the US as irredeemable. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. When Ida B. According to this count, 73% of lynchings occurred in the South. . Ida B. Wells-Barnett was an American investigative journalist, educator, and activist in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. If the leaders of the mob are so minded, coal-oil is poured over the body and the victim is then roasted to death. But the reign of the national law was short-lived and illusionary. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. There is however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. She continued her work documenting lynchings. Wells-Barnett, Ida B, et al. . But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the efforts to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. He made the charge, impaneled the jurors, and directed the execution. But this question affects the entire American nation, and from several points of view: First, on the ground of consistency. This occurred in November, 1892, at Jonesville, La. Who Were the Muckrakers in the Journalism Industry? "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. 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