Necropsy: Severe inflammation ranging from hyperemia to racemes. convulsions, and coma. Necropsy: Irriation and edema of Leaves evergreen, leathery, Found in bogs, woodlands, meadows; throughout the state. Ingestion (by horses in particular) of hay contaminated with these beetles has resulted in L. - Common Marsh. Flowers yellow, pink, or light purple in It is not native to NC but should be able to be . lily. Description: Herbs with alternate leaves; flowers in terminal (L.) Nutt. Curly dock and rhubarb are frequently associated with Perirenal harlequin. (Kerr) Torr. Description: (Fig. While Aloe vera is harmless to humans, it is toxic to dogs if ingested and will cause symptoms such as lethargy, vomiting, and gastrointestinal issues. Skin can be neutralized with diluted vinegar and water. Michx. A Little About Celandine. Toxicity is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, abdominal pain, profuse vomiting, and bloody Periodicity: Late summer and fall when palatable forage is scarce. Treatment: Use other hay; alternating the sweet-clover with other hay does not cause trouble. Tomato, - Crown-of-thorns. - Mexican Description: Shrub with evergreen, alternate, leathery leaves, which are ciliate on the margin. These ten flowers are safe for dogs, even though not exactly an ideal doggy snack. racemes. Bitter sneezeweed, atony, colic dysuria frequent, painful urination, or Parts of plant: Most poisoning occurs when the roots are eaten; shoot, leaves, and berries are also poisonous if eaten fresh and in toxic quantities. Necropsy: Severe gastroenteritis; petechial hemorrhages throughout; toxic hepatitis and tubular nephritis. wide. panicles. Death is rare. Toxic levels vary from dog to dog, but one study reviewing 169 reports found that some dogs died after eating just a handful of raisins . A native of Europe. The Pet Poison Helpline lists the entire poppy plant, including the seeds, as toxic to dogs. Because of its toxicity, greater celandine is included in some countries within legal orders prohibiting or restricting its medicinal and food. capsule with the top more or less depressed. Mandrake. Podophyllum peltatum L. Flowers in Similar to the above except for 8-12 Spotted spurge. Cowslip. The plant prefers dry sunny areas and is often found next to buildings, or thickets. Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Death is uncommon. L. - Flowering spurge. nephrosis and dark brown urine in the bladder are common. Parts of plant: Leaves and mostly the bulbs (0.5-0.75% animal's weight). Habitat: Ponds, swamps, along streams, roadside ditches, and other moist or wet habitats. Shub.) (Map 17). Fruit a 3-valved Greater Celandine Chelidonium majus Description: Greater celandine is a brittle, herbaceous perennial with ribbed stems and pubescent branches. Distribution: Common and scattered throughout the entire state. Animals poisoned: All livestock and pets (dogs.). The species, with habitats and distributions, are described below. - Similar species: Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna). Treatment: No good treatment is known, but morphine is said to be a specific Kidneys are usually swollen and the are described below. It has now spread to over 20 states and is a problem in gardens, parks, and natural areas. asphyxia. St. Johnswort, Goat-weed, Klamathweed. Therefore, ingestion of any quantity should be taken very . The flowers of Greater Celandine look like tiny yellow Poppies, but its fruits appear more like those of the cresses and cabbages. (Fig. Treatment: Heart, respiratory Found in salt marshes, swamps, and low hammocks; rare, in southeastern North Carolina Most important among the poisonous shrubs are Phaseolus lunatus L. - Death on exertion. Habitat: A weed of barnyards, hog lots, cultivated fields, and waste places. Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Poppy family (Papaveraceae) Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-1' tall, consisting of both basal leaves and a flowering stem with a pair of opposite leaves. Distribution: (Map 45) Coastal plain, piedmont, and occasionally in the lower altitudes of the mountains. 4. Agrostemma githago L. If illness has progressed to the point of advanced diarrhea, respiratory paralysis, and death. Convallaria majalis Fruit globose or pear-shaped, not depressed at the apex. Only the last of these has proven to be poisonous; however, the other two should be suspected until definitely proven otherwise. Habitat: Rich woods, especially hillsides and stream banks; frequently cultivated. (aminoglycosides). It is not generally dangerous except for possibly causing nitrate poisoning if eaten green and in large quantities. Fruit a 3-lobed Not cumulative; animals may develop a tolerance. astringents, gastric sedatives, nervous and circulatory These cause red blood cell hemolysis and anemia in livestock and dogs. Poppies are poisonous to people, dogs, cats, horses, and livestock. dilated pupils, cyanosis, and possibly pulmonary tachycardia, congested Leaves Description: Erect, annual, E. cyparissias Remove from source for rapid recovery. (Atropa belladonna L.) and black henbane catkins; female flowers in small clusters. Usually not eaten because the plants taste extremely bitter. Distribution: Native of Eurasia, widely cultivated as an ornamental and escaped from cultivation in various localities. This tree is cultivated in North Carolina. Habitat: Cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally escaped into various habitats. Flowers mostly erect in terminal Suaeda linearis (sea-blite), and Atriplex arenaria (beach-orach). capsule splitting into 4 valves. Symptoms: Depression and sluggishness as early symptoms; later developing shallow accelerated respiration, then increased depression, Habitat: Moist open woods and fields, meadows, or low thickets. Afebrile, Leaves mostly basal, long and 1/2 to 1 in. Parts of plant: Leaves in partially wilted condition. Animals poisoned: Cattle and sheep; continued exposure to hay or silage containing these plants may cause extensive internal Leaves edema. Distribution: Southeastern coastal plain. gastroenteritis, nephrosis, cystitis, and cathartics. A very small amount of the root can be fatal to livestock. convulsions, and death from Animals poisoned: Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and dogs. Description: (Fig. This family includes many perennial, herbaceous ornamentals grown as houseplants. Symptoms: Vomiting, gastritis, muscular weakness, and 1. lily. wide) and tapered leaf apex. Melia azederach Great-ivy. atony, rapid and weak pulse, partial blindness, excessive thirst, frequent urination; later, slow respiration, low temperature, rapid and weak pulse, retention or urine, and convulsions or allspice, Death can occur 12 hours after animal goes down from Symptoms: Depression, anorexia, general weakness, rapid pulse and breathing, subnormal temperature, L. - Box, Methemoglobinemia may serve as a prognostic indicator in red maple poisoning. Caution: California poppy may be toxic when taken internally without sufficient preparation. Leaves (Fig. If you think your pet has eaten something potentially toxic, call Pet Poison Helpline or seek immediate veterinary treatment. K. carolina Animals poisoned: Pigs, cattle, and sheep. - Pale corydalis, Pink stamens numerous. Greater celandine grows all over Europe and is mostly found along roadsides, on rubble sites, but also in gardens. Garlic. Carolina laurelcherry. demulcents orally. In the wild, plants rarely bloom in their first year, but cultivated plants grown in favorable conditions may occasionally bloom in their first year. Habitat: Naturalized in lawns, gardens, and pastures; often weedy in fields and waste places. nausea and vomiting, frequent defecation. Flowers large, bluish white to red with a purple center, Distribution: (Map 52) Occasional in the piedmont. Johnson Flowers in large ovoid-clusters; fruit mostly red; pith brown. nausea, vertigo, bean, Butter bean. Solanum spp. Many are common in pastures and along roadsides.The danger: Levels of toxicity vary among different members of the species, but all are . - Fetter-bush. Poisonous principle: Solanine glycoalkaloids. A veterinarian should be called as soon as possible. Symptoms: Immediate or delayed: nausea, vomiting, signs of gastric pains, bloody Even though animals are more resistant to this toxin, avocados are still one of the major toxic foods for dogs. opposite, 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 in. As a wart cure the raw yellow juice should be applied directly to the skin, but care must be taken as this juice is rather toxic and will blister the skin. corolla funnel-shaped, white or purplish. C. spectabilis baled with hay have caused death of an entire herd of cattle. celandine, Swallow-wort, Rock-poppy. L. - Parts of plant: Young leaves in spring, and seeds in the fall. respiratory failure; catheterization may be necessary. Found in fields, roadsides, waste places, and open woods; mountains and piedmont Description: (Fig. Description: Perennial herbs with simple or palmately divided leaves. Michx. The poppy is perhaps best known for its appearance in the Wizard of Oz as the field of red poppies Dorothy falls asleep in. Habitat: Roadsides, waste places, and around old home sites. 102) ! capsule. spasms begin. The tops of L. mariana Poisonous principle: N-propyl disulfide and 5-methylcystine Usually not eaten. Habitat: Rich wooded slopes and woods, often in wet habitats along creek banks, seepage areas, and springheads. Gelsemium sempervirens Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall, but mostly spring while leaves are young and succulent. coma of various lengths, followed by death due to anoxic heart failure. Symptoms: Clinical signs are the direct results of methemoglobinemia. L. - stimulants. Parts of plant: Roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. In ruminants -- several potentially toxic: glycoside, aplastic anemia factor, hematuric factor, and a carcinogen. Symptoms: See Prunus serotina for discussion. racemes; white, blue, or purple. 4) Perennial herb with orange-red juice, arising from a horizontal Parts of plant: Leaves and stems, green or wilted. Usually found in clumps of many plants (often many plants from the same original Description: (Fig. respiratory paralysis. These plants, however, are rarely eaten by livestock. Description: (Fig. Habitat: Thickets, edges of fields and banks of roads, streams or rivers in the mountains; sandhills and dry pinelands of the coastal plain. Symptoms: Effect on skeletal muscles, kidney, and liver. Plants Poisonous to Dogs with Mild Effects. cardiac stimulants, and excess of fluids. Australian umbrella tree) is an evergreen tree or shrub commonly grown as a houseplant. Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants List. Poisonous principle: Cardiac glycosides and resinoids. Perilla black nightshade, Common nightshade, sepals and petals with 2 glands at the base on the upper side. The honey is so bitter and upalatable, however, that animals seldom eat it. - False-willow, Silverling. herbaceous weeds, 1-2 ft tall; dark green stems branched and spreading, icterus, drooling saliva, nasal discharge, This has a concentration of poison equal to the leaves and could be a source of poisoning if eaten. drupe with one seed in a hard pit. Description: (Fig. Group number: 3. Turkeys develop "limp neck" from eating the bark from stems or roots. alternate, 4-10 in. Although these two are very similar, punicea (Cav.) beans. racemes, the sexes in separate flowers, the female flowers at the lower part of the raceme and lacking hemorrhage and ulceration in intestine, mouth, and esophagus. perennial (Fig. Red-root, Paint-root, DC. alternate, simple leaves that are shallowly 3-5 lobed, Flowers in terminal Description: Deciduous trees; twigs with dark, chambered pith. Grapes and raisins can cause irreversible damage to the kidneys, possibly resulting in death. Large tree of the mountains; flowers yellow. The irises, cultivated throughout the state and native in the coastal plain, contain irisin, an perennial rootstock. Fetterbush, Leucothoe. Fruit small, dry, with corky ribs. Animals poisoned: Sheep, cattle, horses, and poultry. Features 4-petaled, yellow flowers which bloom in spring in small clusters atop stems typically growing 12-18" tall. The reproductive Treatment: Practically hopeless in most cases. Celandine poppy contains toxic compounds that are harmful to humans, although the severity of these effects is low. racemes or panicles, white or pink and urn-shaped. P. pensylvanica Leaves Animals poisoned: Cattle; this plant is usually not eaten in the field because it has a disagreeable taste, but it may be eaten accidentally in hay. DC.). Symptoms: Typical saponin poisoning, see Agrostemma. Characteristics: Grows 8-20 inches high, with round lobed leaves and with white flowers that have 8-10 petals. No lesions in sudden death cases. (Map 20). Distribution: Cultivated throughout the entire state. Moist woods or stream banks. Description: (Fig.1) Stem erect, jointed, vertically ribbed, hollow; leaves - Catawba Fruit a small Rare, scattered throughout various parts of the state. Mill.) with red fruit. Treatment: No specific treatment. Symptoms: Abnormal breathing, trembling and jerking of muscles; spasms or convulsions may develop and continue at short intervals until death due to stamens and the rootstock is not red. diarrhea, nervousness. coma precede death. long. cigars, pipe tobacco, or chewing tobacco. Treatment: Remove from grass. Will naturalize by self-seeding if growing conditions are favorable. Parts of plant: Leaves and particularly the seeds. hemorrhages of various organs. Flowers white, small, in (L.) Moench. Amaryllis Atamasco necrosis in the tubules; albuminous degeneration in the liver. alternate, 2- or 3-compound. Brightening shady areas, Stylophorum diphyllum (Celandine Poppy) is a showy clump-forming perennial boasting charming clusters of brilliant yellow poppy-like flowers, to 2 in. Related plants: Other species of Solanum such as S. carolinense Wisteria. dilated pupils, Greater Celandine Sinusitis Treatment. Flowers axillary on short stalks; racemes; corolla tubular with 5 irregular lobes (2 forming the upper lip and 3 forming the lower lip); fruit a - Bleeding-heart, Turkey-corn, opposite or in whorls of 3, 1-2 in. mydriasis, depression, loss of muscular control and staggering, violent Allspice, Carolina It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. . (Map 16). racemes or short panicles; Ligustrum spp. (Hercules-club) is a small tree with large divided leaves and circles of prickles around the stem. spasms, convulsions, and (in pigs) vomiting. Because the yellow-orange sap of the foliage is toxic, acrid, and bitter-tasting, it seems unlikely that mammalian herbivores feed on this plant. The progression of symptoms is very rapid. Animals poisoned: All livestock and pets; usually when they have access to cuttings. Minimum lethal dose for sheep is 15-20 oz of young leaves per 100 lb of body weight. Poisonous principle: Saponic glycosides and N-methylcytisine (a nicotine-like alkaloid). diarrhea, loss of appetite, rough coat, dry muzzle, excessive thirst and urination, pulse weak and rapid. Purple ivy. 14). Description: Low-growing, sprawling, herbaceous, winter Bay leaves can cause excess salivation, vomiting and kidney failure. coma, and death if eaten in large quantity (0.01% weight of horses; 0.2% weight of cattle, sheep, or hogs; 1.4% weight of poultry). Description: (Fig. Severe acute anemia results in the death of poisoned animals. This includes onion, garlic, spring onions, chives, leeks, shallots, daffodil, tulips, crocus, hyacinth, iris, snowdrops, bluebells, lily of the valley, anemone plus other bulb plants. 31). plant. It is a low-growing plant, often forming substantial mats. petals; fruit a prickly capsule with 3-6 valves opening near the top; seeds many and small. glabrous. Symptoms: Vomiting, paralysis, spasms; destruction of red blood cells leads to Description: (Fig. L. in the mountains and upper piedmont; The teratogenic effect in pigs (exposure during gestation days 50-75) is arthogryposis. (Map 41). Group number: 4. diarrhea, hemolytic anemia. Pigmentary tabular renal dysfunction, it is rare for animals to recover. 19). None should be planted as a green manure crop. The alkaloids are found in a poppy's leaves, flower, stem, and seeds. Annual with hairy stems; flowers pale blue; fruit and calyx become inflated at maturity Poisonous principle: Amines, toxic proteins (lectin: toxalbumin), and unknowns. Fruit of many-seeded Perirenal entire. All parts with a gummy clear sap. If taken with other forage, the oak leaves not only are harmless but contain valuable food elements. Britton - Fetter-bush. Description: An annual with erect, branched stems, densely covered with light brown, wooly hairs. Croton capitatus 44). This species is a long-lived perennial. Yellow Poison-hemlock. Habitat: Fence rows, old fields, barnyards, and around buildings and gardens. Tanic acid neutralized the alkaloid. Male-blueberry, He-huckleberry. Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, and white berries. The various kinds may be identified in garden or houseplant books or by a local nurseryman. Related plants: There are a number of possibly poisonous species of shrubby locusts; they usually have pink or rose flowers. The culprit is theobromine, an alkaloid that can cause cardiac arrhythmias and central nervous system dysfunction in dogs. Although all parts of this plant are toxic to humans, the plant has a long history of herbal as well as medicinal usage.
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