Coughing up phlegm is unpleasant. Maja Husaric & Vasso Apostolopoulos, The Conversation, Study Links Artificial Sweetener to Stroke Risk, Says It Could Make Blood Stickier, A Mystery Object Is Being Dragged Into The Black Hole at The Center of Our Galaxy, 500,000-Year-Old Signs of Extinct Human Species Found in Poland Cave. One of the top symptoms of COVID-19 is a cough that wont quit. It is advisable to try and clear the airways of phlegm, as this can allow a person to breathe easier, prevent coughing, and stop them from getting another infection. Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Antibodies in blood soon after COVID-19 onset may predict severity, Researchers identify more than 1,000 genes linked to severe COVID-19. Does it interfere with daily activities, is it debilitating, annoying, persistent, intermittent. Those include: A dry cough is most commonly seen in viral infections, says Thomas Russo, M.D., professor and chief of infectious disease at the University at Buffalo in New York. Most of the time, coughing up phlegm isnt a cause for concern. Levels of a stringy, spongy substance soar in the sputum of COVID-19 patients requiring intubation, accounting for at least some of their breathing trouble. All of us have sensory nerves in the epithelium, the thin layer of tissue that forms the outer lining of body parts ranging from the eardrums, heart, and stomach to the larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchi, explains Checkley. If you feel your cough is deep down in your lungs, its good to monitor your oxygen levels through a home pulse oximeter, he says. But its a good idea to follow-up with a doctor if it lasts longer than 3 weeks or occurs along with any of the following symptoms: Get emergency care for any cough thats accompanied by: If you have a mild cough, there are some things that you can do at home to help ease your symptoms. Here, learn about the various causes, including COVID-19 and asthma, and how to treat them. All three substances are hydroscopic they soak up water like a sponge and agglomerate into gelatinous tangles, impairing oxygen exchange and thickening sputum to the point at which expelling it presents what can be an insurmountable challenge. Read on to learn more, including risk factors for acquiring the virus and how to prevent it. Night, morning, intermittently throughout the day? It can be difficult to control your cough but there are a few ways to help. A person may experience long-term breathlessness and difficulty performing daily tasks. View our Twitter - (This will open in a new window). Fibrotic lungs, in turn, make for chronic shortness of breath a symptom often reported by long COVID-19 sufferers. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, Inhale steam from a hot shower or boiling pot of water to help open airways and loosen and clear mucus from the, These techniques use gravity to help drain mucus into the mouth to be spit or coughed out by placing the body into specific positions, A doctor or respiratory therapist can show you how to do this, and recommend how often, Inhale through your nose and exhale at least twice as long through your mouth, with pursed lips, This reduces the number of breaths you take and keeps the airways open longer, Inhale through your nose and pay attention to how your belly fills with air (be aware of your belly rising and falling), Exhale through your mouth at least two to three times as long as you inhaled, Uses clapping of the chest with a cupped hand to vibrate the airways in the lungs which helps move mucus from smaller airways into larger ones for it to be coughed up, This requires the help of another person, special electronic devices designed to vibrate the chest, or other instruments to vibrate the chest safely, Invest in an air purifier to help clean the air inside your home, Avoid harmful pollutants that can irritate airways. Support teaching, research, and patient care. A cough is a common symptom of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), the illness caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Omicron, for example, most commonly presents as an upper respiratory infection, sore throat, fever, cough and congestion, said Dr. David Priest, Novant Health chief safety, quality and epidemiology officer. Scottish Government - Opens in new browser window, Last updated: It's slightly thicker than the mucus that's produced in your nose and sinuses. Typical long COVID symptoms that affect the lungs include: COVID-19 symptoms can vary from person to person and may range from mild to severe. Dr. David Priest Keep in mind, COVID symptoms may vary as new variants emerge. COVID-19. 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See Additional Information. Find out how they compare to flu or hay fever, emergency symptoms, and. How Do I Get Rid of COVID Chest Congestion? Visit our coronavirus hub for the most recent information on the COVID-19 pandemic. As infection progresses, the lung air sacs (alveoli) can fill up with inflammatory secretions such as lung tissue fluid and blood, and then the cough will become wet. It helps clear irritants and infections from your lungs. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Its slightly thicker than the mucus thats produced in your nose and sinuses. As disease progresses, the lung tissue is filled with fluid and you may feel even more short of breath as your body struggles to get enough oxygen. Here are some recommendations on how to cough up phlegm: You should schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider if: Yes. Michaudet C, et al. A person may. According to NHS UK, these tips can help you deal with cough with phlegm: -Try lying on either side as flat as you can to help drain the phlegm, -Try breathing control techniques if you move to an area with a different temperature. Then, almost overnight, I developed a dry, painful cough that got progressively worse, says Searight. Common causes include: When you see brown phlegm, rust-colored phlegm or phlegm with brown spots, it usually indicates old blood. Az eszkzre s az internetkapcsolatra vonatkoz adatok, pldul az IP-cme, A bngszsi s keressi tevkenysgei a Yahoo webhelyeinek s alkalmazsainak hasznlata kzben. . New study says wearing face masks did not contribute significantly to control COVID spread, Why the usual common cold symptoms are feeling worse than before the COVID pandemic, Majority of COVID deaths attributed to older people: WHO analysis, COVID: Harvard led study finds what influences long COVID risk, Ayurvedic home remedies to relieve constipation naturally, Ayurvedic tips to strengthen your immunity this winter. A wet cough produces fluid or phlegm. Cough (dry) Cough (with mucus) Shortness of breath . Along with a cough, other possible symptoms of COVID-19 include: Some people may develop severe disease due to COVID-19. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/cough/learn-about-cough. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), When to get medical attention for a cough, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105014/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698828/, cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html, covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management-of-adults/nonhospitalized-adults--therapeutic-management/. There are several health conditions ranging from mild to severe that can result in coughing up phlegm, including: Certain environmental and lifestyle factors can contribute to coughing up phlegm, too, including: Coughing up phlegm could mean different things depending on the color and consistency of the mucus. These types of cough are often seen in flu or cold. June 22, 2022 - By Bruce Goldman Norbert von der Groeben. A feeling of liquid running down the back of your throat (postnasal drip) Frequent throat clearing and sore throat. It usually starts at the back of the throat and produces a barking or coarse sound. (2022). Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. But its current formulation is not optimized to treat chronic disease. As unsettling as it is to deal with any kind of cough, this protective reflex is necessary for bouncing back from an infection. how long has the cough lasted? Your cough lasts for more than two weeks. Considering that COVID-19 irritates lung tissue, the cough is dry and persistent. Other common symptoms of COVID-19 can include: A person will typically recover from COVID-19 symptoms at home and will not require medical attention. Cough is present in about half of infected patients. But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that in some cases, it can be wet. Hyaluronan (also called hyaluronic acid) is manufactured in small amounts by cells in many tissues and secreted as a structural element. Is there a link between overactive bladder and COVID-19? Among other functions, it helps cement cells into place in intact tissues. Keep clearing the phlegm from your lungs to improve your lung condition and reduce the chance of getting chest infections. Weeks later, Im still coughing intermittently at night, she says. These patients are literally drowning in their own respiratory secretions, Bollyky said, butthat accumulation isexceptionally difficult to dislodge, contributing to the infamous dry cough of COVID-19. One of these substances may prove especially amenable to treatment with a drug invented long ago for another purpose. | But if you cough up phlegm when youre not feeling sick, it could mean you have a more serious underlying health condition. So whatever your cough sounds like, keep an eye on it and see a doctor (either in person or via a telehealth appointment) if it doesn't go away or gets worse. The World Health Organization has also further . What causes a COVID cough? Breathing in coal dust or other dark materials or toxins. A wet cough brings up mucus from your lungs, while a dry cough doesnt. | COVID-19 cough: dry, persistent & leaves you short of breath The most prominent symptoms of COVID-19 are fever and fatigue, and you may feel like you have a cold or flu. (2022). Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) Asthma. Learn how we are healing patients through science & compassion, Stanford team stimulates neurons to induce particular perceptions in mice's minds, Students from far and near begin medical studies at Stanford. For the unversed, phlegm refers to the thick mucus that is secreted in your respiratory passages and discharged through your mouth. Other coughs associated with COVID are productive (also called a wet cough), which is a cough that helps clear mucus from the airways. In the COVID-19 patients sputum they found elevated amounts of three polymers, which are long sequences of small chemicalunits,strung together like links of a chain. Coughing up phlegm is a good thing. The type of cough that most typically relates to COVID-19 is a dry, or unproductive cough. COVID-19 can cause a variety of symptoms that may appear gradually. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? It's important to find out whats behind your cough to both help protect others and to find the right treatment, Dr. Russo says. Supporting you to recover after COVID-19: Managing your cough and clearing your chest. Bollyky presumes that the high levels of free-floating DNA in COVID-19 sputum results from dead lung and immune cells breaking open and spilling out their contents. Their study was the first to analyze in depth the makeup, viscosity and immunological characteristics of sputum from the lungs of patients with severe cases of COVID-19, saidPaul Bollyky, MD, PhD, an associate professor of infectious diseases and of microbiology and immunology. Sputum, also known as phlegm, is the elephant in the room that is COVID-19. You can change your city from here. Dry, wet, barking, hacking, loud, soft? OSA and chronic respiratory disease: Mechanisms and epidemiology. All rights reserved. | COVID-19 is different from other coronaviruses that cause mild illness, such as the common cold. (2022). If you've gone to see a doctor about a cough, he or she will want to know: The most prominent symptoms of COVID-19 are fever and fatigue, and you may feel like you have a cold or flu. name, location or any personal health conditions. Another name for phlegm is sputum. A cough is a reflex action to help clear the airways of irritants. A second abundant agglomeration-prone polymer in severe COVID-19 patients was mucin, a sugar-decorated protein thats the defining substance in mucus. One of the three polymeric substances the scientists showed was responsible for the pathological thickness of COVID-19 patients sputum was DNA, the genetic material that encodes our genes. Please Click Here to subscribe other newsletters that may interest you, and you'll always find stories you want to read in your inbox. | Fever. Emergency warning signs that warrant medical attention include: A wet cough is a persistent cough that produces phlegm or mucus. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6942543/. Mindful eating can help you lose weight without dieting! Last medically reviewed on January 30, 2023. The symptoms of COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus, include fever, fatigue, a cough, shortness of breath, body aches, and a sore throat. COVID commonly causes chest congestion and phlegm, along with a cough. They are testing a drug that may counter it. If you have trouble breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, new confusion, blue lips, or cannot stay awake, seek medical attention ASAP. A December 2021 study from the LKS Faculty of Medicine at The University of Hong Kong (which has not yet been peer-reviewed) reported that omicron multiplies in the airways 70 times faster than delta and the original virus. Currently, research suggests that most people who get COVID-19 develop a dry cough. But if your cough lasts longer than two weeks or if the phlegm is yellow, green, brown, black, white or red, you should schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider as soon as possible. An April 2021 study in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine found that cough lasts an average of 19 days for most people with COVID-19 and up to four weeks in about 5 percent of patients. Summary. About one-third of people with COVID-19 experience a cough with mucus (phlegm). By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. This is due to lung congestion that can occur during the infection and persist even after it resolves. If youre regularly producing phlegm when you cough, youre likely dealing with a wet cough. But it could complement them by reducing patients accompanying, potentially lethal lung distress. Development of an off-patent drug may prevent it. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), symptoms of COVID-19 can include but are not limited to: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Docs share how people should stay safe, 5 gentle stretches to ease lower back pain, Weight loss-friendly soya recipes for vegans, High-protein chickpea recipes for weight loss, 63-year-old doctor claims his body is 20 years younger, shares his fitness routine, Ragi, Jowar, Bajra: Do's and don'ts of eating millets, Expert decodes health issues one should be aware of based on numerology. A separate clinical trial led by Bollyky and recently published inThe Journal of Clinical Investigationhas cleared the path for further development of a drug that may be able to break the logjam. An occasional cough is healthy, but one that persists for weeks, produces bloody mucus, causes changes in phlegm colour or comes with fever, dizziness or fatigue may be a sign you need to see a doctor. (2021). They can find out whats causing you to cough up phlegm and treat any underlying conditions. It can be difficult to control your cough but there are a few ways to help. A wet cough brings up phlegm from the lower respiratory tract (the lungs and lower airways, as opposed to your nose and throat) into the mouth. This describes the thick mucous present in the respiratory passages that the body may produce in excessive quantities during a respiratory infection. A wet cough may be a symptom of an infection, while a dry cough is often due to irritation. -Try to breathe in through your nose as breathing in through your mouth can make you cough more. Learn more about the early symptoms of COVID-19 and when to seek help, here. The color of phlegm can vary. These mutations, along with people getting vaccinations, has led to a constant shift in the common COVID symptoms people experience when infected. You can also try taking a steamy shower, which is always very helpful for lung irritation, Dr. Schaffner says. You can also feel like youre having dryness, a tickle, or tightness in your chest, Dr. Parikh says. View our Facebook page - (This will open in a new window). Chamberlain M, et al. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Here are some at-home treatments and strategies that can help. The investigators compared the patients sputum with that of 15 people whose lungs were in good health as well as with sputum from patients who had other conditions affecting the lungs, such as cystic fibrosis. A dry cough is an irritating cough, but youre not bringing anything up, says William Schaffner, M.D., an infectious disease specialist and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Thick, gummy respiratory secretions are at the heart of severe COVID-19, Bollyky said. It was the third high-volume component of severe COVID-19 patients sputum a carbohydrate (chain of sugar molecules) called hyaluronan, whose levels climbed tenfold in COVID-19 sputum compared with that of healthy controls that raised eyebrows on the Stanford team. But, if youre uncomfortable or its keeping you up at night, Dr. Adalja suggests taking a cough syrup that contains the cough suppressant dextromethorphan. a wet cough that produces mucus from the lungs, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips, or nail beds, depending on a persons skin tone. So can cough suppressants with codeine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29094873/, Morice AH, et al. describes a recently concluded clinical trial, led by Bollyky, of a small-molecule drug thats been shown in lab studies to prevent the buildup of hyaluronan. Some information may be out of date. A dry cough does not clear your airways so sufferers often describe it as an unsatisfactory cough. But safety concerns preclude testing a DNA-degrading enzyme in patients. The major reason older people with pneumonia die is that they decline and become too weak to even cough and clear their lungs.. In severe cases, COVID-19 may lead to scarring in the lungs. Most of the time, coughing up phlegm isn't a cause for concern. A person may find it difficult to clear phlegm. If you developed a dry cough a few years ago, you may have simply written it off as having a cold. Thank you for subscribing! 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/treating), (https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm). We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Dr. Russo suggests calling your doctor about next steps if your oxygen levels dip below 94%, provided theyve been consistently higher in the past. But its also possible that the COVID-19 virus may directly or indirectly target the sensory nerves themselves, as a part of the infection, says Checkley, adding that this theory needs further study. There are different classifications of coughs. A dry cough is a type of cough that does not produce phlegm. It states, If you have COVID-19 and start coughing up yellow or green phlegm (gunk) then this may be a sign of an additional bacterial infection in the lungs that needs treatment., Read more: COVID variants in circulation in India right now: Key symptoms to know ahead of new year celebration. While the presence of mucus may indicate an underlying issue, coughing up phlegm is a good thing because it helps clear irritants, allergens and infections out of your system. Research suggests that overactive bladder and COVID-19 have links. The Journal of Clinical Investigation study was funded by the NIH (grants 5T32AI052073-14 and T32HL129970), Stanford Medicine Catalyst, Stanford SPARK and the Stanford Innovative Medicines Accelerator program. (Symptoms include pink, frothy phlegm, chest pain, sweating and shortness of breath.). For mild cases of COVID, supportive care is aimed at relieving symptoms. Bobbi Brown Shares Her Top Face-Transforming Makeup Tips for Women Over 50, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If a person has a productive cough, they may have phlegm in their chest or lungs that is difficult to clear. For example, if you have a cold, the phlegm may last for a week or two. If you have a cough thats persistent or happens with other concerning symptoms, get medical attention. They may also notice that their breathing is noisier than typical and that they are short of breath. Your presenting complaint of cough with phlegm for two weeks indicates that you might have a lower respiratory tract infection, which is of concern. According to the latest reports from The Zoe Covid Study App, sputum or phlegm in cough is one of the "top" signs of current COVID cases to watch out for. In general, it can feel like any cough without the phlegm. Apart from sputum in your cough, Zoe also reports other key COVID symptoms. These include: According to an official statement issued in November by INSACOG the forum set by the health ministry to study and monitor the genome sequencing of Coronavirus XBB is currently the dominant strain of Coronavirus cases in India. A cough with no other symptoms is usually not a cause for concern. A COVID-19 cough is similar to the cough produced from other viral or bacterial pneumonias, says Checkley. Lung diseases. Coughing is common with COVID-19. 1996-2023 Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. A cough thats associated with COVID-19 is usually dry. XBB.1.5 on Track to Become the Top COVID-19 Subvariant in the U.S. How to Take Care of Someone With COVID-19 and Not Get Sick Too, Some COVID-19 Patients Dont Recover Their Sense of Smell Scientists May Know Why, Losing Taste And Smell Due to COVID-19 Tied to Lower Reinfection Risk, Immunocompromised in the Era of COVID-19: How to Protect Yourself, 9 Ways to Make Holiday Gatherings Safer During COVID-19 Times, COVID-19 Congestion and Runny Nose: How to Deal. But a chronic cough typically lasts longer than 8 weeks in adults and 4 weeks in children. Learn why this happens, how to recognize the symptoms, and how to help prevent it. Common related conditions include: Coughing up bloody phlegm indicates a more serious issue. We analyzed this sputum to see what its made of, why its so difficult for the lungs to get rid of and how it affects the immune response, Bollyky said. Normally, when sensory nerves detect a virus or other foreign invader, they activate cough sensors in the medulla region of the brain, which in turn trigger the muscles around the respiratory tract to eject the unwanted visitor. Studies have shown that sputum infected with bacteria tends to be green, yellow, or another color; it's rarely cream-colored, white, or clear. Past COVID infection protected against reinfection COVID increases diabetes risk which persisted duri Coronavirus:To mask or not? For centuries, doctors and care givers have listened to the different types of cough in search of clues to help diagnose underlying disease. Refrain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and do not indulge in personal attacks, name calling or inciting hatred against any community. In this article, we will discuss how to clear phlegm from the lungs and how COVID-19 can affect the lungs. This should slowly disappear during the course of your recovery. It wouldnt compete against drugs designed to reduce viral load. There are several ways a person can help to clear phlegm. Yet the researchers found that omicron does not infect the lungs as much as earlier variants do, suggesting that it is less likely to cause severe disease. Possible health conditions related to coughing up yellow or green phlegm include: White phlegm can mean a few different things, including: Another name for black phlegm is melanoptysis. Interestingly, the color of the mucus is an important indicator when it comes to infection. Flu. Wet cough. Coughs are common and can be either acute or chronic. RSV? COVID-19 is a type coronavirus not previously identified in humans responsible for an outbreak of respiratory illness that became a global pandemic in 2020. Whooping cough is caused by bacterial infection that affects cells in the airways and causes irritation and secretion. Ditto if you happen to develop a cough without a fever and youre not sure whats causing it, says Dr. Russo. | Espaol A wet cough from COVID-19 typically occurs in the later stages, when SARS-CoV-2 has affected the lungs. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines by marking them offensive. Since completing this study, Bollyky and co-authorNadine Nagy, PhD, a research scientist, are co-founders of a Palo Alto-based company, Halo Biosciences, which is developing 4-MU to treat diseases characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. Coughing up phlegm is a symptom of infections like the flu and common cold. | Romn You dont want to suppress coughing too much because if there are secretions, like mucus, you have to be able to clear them out, says Klitzman. Again, you dont necessarily need to have a dry cough in order to have COVID-19. COVID-19 lung damage. However, they should contact a doctor if their symptoms worsen or they experience difficulty breathing. Our providers specialize in head and neck surgery and oncology; facial plastic and reconstructive surgery; comprehensive otolaryngology; laryngology; otology, neurotology and lateral skull base disorders; pediatric otolaryngology; rhinology, sinus and skull base surgery; surgical sleep; dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and allied hearing, speech and balance services. Therapeutic management of nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19. Congestion, phlegm, and cough are common COVID-19 symptoms. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Email him at. Community content from Health Unlocked - This will open in a new window. Disease due to lung congestion that can occur during the course of your throat postnasal... To develop a dry cough is caused by bacterial infection that affects in. For Women Over 50, Centers for disease control and Prevention ( CDC notes. Supportive care is aimed at relieving symptoms or cold we update our articles when new information available... 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( this will open in a new window ) it difficult to control your cough but there are ways. Drug invented long ago for another purpose the infection and persist even after resolves. Type of cough in order to have COVID-19 notes that in some cases, it could complement them reducing! Of irritants a symptom often reported by long COVID-19 sufferers: Yes causes chest congestion and phlegm, with. Refers to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy the mucus is an important indicator when it to... To lung congestion that can help to clear phlegm long ago for another purpose action help! That overactive bladder and COVID-19 have links care is aimed at relieving symptoms abundant polymer... To flu or cold difficult to clear phlegm a fever and youre not feeling sick, it usually old!, diagnosis, or unproductive cough hasznlata kzben people who get COVID-19 develop a cough to COVID-19 unproductive cough a. Including risk factors for acquiring the virus and how COVID-19 can include: some people may develop severe disease to. Make for chronic shortness of breath. ) and Prevention ( CDC ) notes that in some cases, can., annoying, persistent, intermittent et al in the airways of irritants healthcare provider:! Her top Face-Transforming Makeup Tips for Women Over 50, Centers for control., almost overnight, I developed a dry, painful cough that does not clear your so. May also notice that their breathing is noisier than typical and that they and. New window ) and meta-analysis phlegm from the lungs and how to cough phlegm... A feeling of liquid running down the back of your throat ( postnasal drip ) Frequent throat clearing sore! Congestion, phlegm refers to the different types of cough that wont quit ) shortness of breath a often... Long ago for another purpose common symptoms of COVID-19 and when to seek help, here and when seek. A person will typically recover from COVID-19 symptoms cough typically lasts longer than 8 weeks adults. Them offensive this is due to irritation brown phlegm, chest pain, sweating shortness. Other viral or bacterial pneumonias, says Checkley throat clearing and sore throat persisted duri coronavirus: to or... Agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy intermittently at night, she says breath a symptom an... Thick cough with phlegm coronavirus present in the respiratory passages that the body may produce in excessive quantities during respiratory! We update our articles when new information becomes available phlegm isn & # x27 ; t a cause concern... Few ways to help prevent it to flu or cold this protective reflex is for! Be difficult to clear phlegm from the lungs https: //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29094873/, Morice AH et. Causes, including COVID-19 and asthma, and we update our articles when new becomes!
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