Judge C.R. There long have been stories about visitors throwing everything from GPS trackers to colored dyes to ping pong balls into the kettle. The flow of Brule River splits into two streams at the waterfall. There were just various theories like that, that the water was going away from the river. We're going to send in an OpenROV, and see if we can find out. Devil's Lake is a lake in the South Range of the Baraboo Range, about two miles south of Baraboo, Wisconsin, in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States.It has no surface outlets, so by some definitions, it is endorheic; however, it possibly drains by underground channels into the Baraboo River, which would make the lake cryptorheic. Im sure thats where the kid wound up in the very far depths. Everything from ping pong balls to GPStrackers has been put into the hole hoping to map the water but despite these many efforts,the secretsof Devils Kettle remain unknown. So I made one dive to the last little ledge at 325 feet. The Brule . But none ever has, and where it all ends up remains a mystery. Devil's Kettle Fall. They found that at the top of the waterfall the river flowed at a volume of 123 cubic feet per second, while at the bottom it flowed at 121 cubic feet per second. In Judge C.R. Once you get that, its far more probable that youre going to do something stupid, because you feel theres nothing you cant do. Thats because, as Calvin Alexander, another scientist working on the project, explains, The plunge pool below the kettle is an unbelievably powerful system of recirculating currents, capable of disintegrating material and holding it under water until it resurfaces at some point downstream.. The river splits in two to flow around a mass of rhyolite rock. "Tent toilets" are helping to remedy a stinky situation. If you grew up in Minnesota, you've definitely heard of Devil's Kettle, the place where the Brule River splits in two and half of it disappears. Draft. The water on the west side falls into a hole in the rock and vanishes. Follow us on social media to add even more wonder to your day. Feb 28, 2017. What's Going On? In 2009, a brave Zimbabwean tour guide was presumed dead after plunging 90m into the Victoria Falls while trying to rescue a tourist, police . Located about 20 minutes northwest of Grand Marais, Minnesota up highway 61 is Judge C.R Magney State . 2023 Atlas Obscura. The only thing to do now is confirm their theory once and for all, which they will try to doas others have in the pastwith a dye. Scientists Say They've Solved the Mystery of Devil's Kettle. W. GPS 45.492430, -91.503719. The informant's family owns a cabin nearby the Brule River in Minnesota that is used for vacation, so the informant has been immersed in this legend since childhood. Bob Carlson is drinking a Devil's Kettle by Voyageur Brewing Company at Boulder Tap House - St Cloud. If the dye is found in the river below the falls, as the scientists suspect, Green acknowledged much of the mystery will be lost. Does the water lead to a giant hidden, underground civilization? Green admits that if the dye is found below the falls like the scientists suspect, then much of the Devil's Kettle Falls mystery will be gone. It certainly doesnt help that there remain a vast number of deep dark mysterious holes in this world, places where no man or woman has yet gone or at least not gone and come back to tell the tale. While one side. From the parking lot, it's a 1.5-mile hike that includes 200 stairs, so be sure to dress appropriately. However, the nearest limestone deposits to the park are hundreds of miles away and rhyolite is much too hard of a rock for such a cave system to likely have formed in it. One continues normally, down a series of additional waterfalls, but the other drops straight into a hole in the earth with no known exit. 3,232 were here. Travis Boser 284 subscribers Subscribe 1.3M views 11 years ago Ever wondered what was inside the Devil's Kettle? This striding-place is called THE STRID, But it will still be a fascinating spot, and a beautiful spot. Astounding Discovery Of 2684 Years Old Human Brain. No purchase necessary. Speech competition for high school girls in Minnesota welcomes applications through March, Duluth Polar Plunge makes a splash for Special Olympics. 18 of the Most Dangerous Volcanoes in the U.S. 13 Exquisitely Extreme Things About Planet Earth, 13 of the Most Bizarre Lakes in the World. Unfortunately, theres no evidence of a fault line in the area, and even if there were, its unlikely that the kettle could continue draining the Brule indefinitely. The Devil's Kettle. Gone. Experience this 9.0-mile out-and-back trail near Grand Marais, Minnesota. Again, there are problems with this theory, primarily that the local basalt is a type known as flood basalt, which spreads out as a flat sheet when ancient lava bubbled up from fissures in the ground. Pseudo-scientific flights of fancy were dime a dozen back in the 18th and 19th centuries, from mesmerism to phrenology. That the river was strong, and the rocks were steep? Scientists think theyve solved the mystery of Devils Kettle Falls, Mystery over natural phenomenon at Minnesota waterfall finally solved, Mystery Solved: Hydrologists Know Where The Devils Kettle Goes, Atlas Obscura: An Explorers Guide to the Worlds Hidden Wonders, Devils Kettle Falls: The Falls to Nowhere, The Original Uber Eats Indias Amazing Near Century and a Half Old Dabbawala, Forgotten History- The U.S. Militarys Obsessive WWII Ice Cream Crusade, The Amazonian Arrow Poison that Revolutionized Medicine, The Curious Case of the People With Split Brains, What Those Nasty White Chunks That Sometimes Come From Your Throat Are, The Difference Between a Fact and a Factoid, Marilyn Monroe was Not Even Close to a Size 12-16, A Japanese Soldier Who Continued Fighting WWII 29 Years After the Japanese Surrendered, Because He Didnt Know. A recent study of Devil's Kettle Falls on the North Shore, completed out of "scientific curiosity," shed light on the waterfall's phenomenon, a state hydrologist said. Sadly, no. Listen to our podcast about the worlds greatest mysteries that were solved by science. The Devil's Kettle is the name given to a waterfall and underground river located in Judge C.R. Finally, in February 2017, some light was shed into the mystery behind this unique waterfall. See. Tagged Friends. Its a drunken state, and you get lightheaded. Frozen by a Bulldog Man. Magney State Park. Thus, the hypothesis is that the falling water cut through the surface rock at some point and fell into an ancient lava tube formed at the same time as the rest of the volcanic rocks in the area. Revived after Mugman returned his soul to him. Even a big trailer that served food. The park closes for the season at the end of October so if you have a chance this month you should check it out. The water then continues south along the Brule . Not to say people haven't tried. While one side tumbles down a two-step stone embankment and continues on like a normal waterfall, the other side vanishes into a deep hole and disappearsapparently forever. It is home to the only population of the Devil's Hole pupfish, which lives in the top few feet of this pool of water. Located along Lake Superior's North Shore, the falls have been puzzling hikers and geologists for years. At the falls, along Lake Superiors north shore, a river forks at a rock outcropping. Over time, the theory posits, the falling water eroded the rhyolite surface and punched straight down into the ancient lava tube, providing wide-open access to the floor of Lake Superior. But for years, people have failed to figure out where exactly the water goes after it falls into the pit. A truly staggering amount of water pours into this hole every second of every day and it never ever fills up. And theres never been any evidence of such a fault found in the area. Magney State Park near Grand Marais. The assumption was that the water split in two and some portion of the river water was leaving the main stream and being diverted elsewhere. So what happens? With rocks on either side. But this month,Minnesota Conservation Volunteer, a magazine put out by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, published what scientists now think is the answer: the water, they say, rather than ultimately ending up in nearby Lake Superior, as previously theorized, actually ends up further downstream in the Brule River. Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. None None None None None Five Sentient Skeletons - Fell apart after being rammed by Cuphead and Mugman out of sheer panic. "But eventually you learn to embrace that science, and make it part of your story.". Follow us on social media to add even more wonder to your day. Before the waterfall, 123 cubic feet of water moves per second, whereas after, they found, 121 cubic feet of water was moving per second. One story claims someone pushed a car into the cauldron, but to get a car to the site and be able to dump it into the kettle from above looked nearly impossible. A mile and a half north of the shore of Lake Superior, a thick knuckle of rhyolite rock (the igneous equivalent of granite) juts out, dividing the river dramatically at the crest of the falls. Two never came back out, although divers attempted to rescue them in the event they were stuck in an air pocket called Brown's Room. A phone number was etched onto each ball with a message that if found, the person should call back and would get a reward. As the Brule River makes it way through the park, it drops 800 feet in elevation and creates numerous waterfalls in the process. Half of a waterfall goes into the river while the other half seems to disappear. While many boast of the Brule's fishing, the park's real claim to fame is the Devil's Kettle. While the notion of some kind of broad, underground river is an exciting device in movies, the reality is that those sorts of deep caves are rare, and only form in soft rock types like limestone. In late fall 2016, hydrologists Heather Emerson and Jon Libbey measured water flow above Devil's Kettle at 123 cubic feet per second. If you feel you have received this message in error, please contact the customer support team at 1-833-248-7801. Devil's Kettle See all things to do Devil's Kettle 4.5 23 #419 of 2,058 things to do in Minnesota Waterfalls Write a review About Breathtaking waterfall at Judge Magney State Park. One of these waterfalls is quite special. Their bodies have never been recovered. But the point is, when you get that deep, you get nitrogen narcosis. In Judge C. R. Magney State Park in Minnesota, there exists a natural phenomenon along the Brule River known as the Devil's Kettle- a waterfall that splits in two, with one half falling about 50 feet into the river below and continuing on its merry way towards Lake Superior and the other half falling into a large . Magney State Park near Grand Marais. Well, not likely. Um herauszufinden, wohin das Wasser fliet, lieen Forscher schon Gegenstnde wie Tischtennisblle oder Farbe in das Loch fallen. "And then waited for it to come out at the bottom," Mott said, "and then never found it.". Because they couldn't see where the water went once it fell into the pothole they had to get creative. In February 2017, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources said that water that disappears into the rock at Devil's Kettle resurges in the stream below the waterfall. An eye-opening journey through the history, culture, and places of the culinary world. The river splits in two at an outcropping of rhyolite, volcanic rock as hard as granite, according to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. It was a very sad, very solemn moment. Green wasnt convinced.e wanted to test the theory before trying to solve where the water was going, so he had a state water gauging crew measure the water flow above the falls and right afterwards to see if any of the water actually left the river once it disappeared into Devils Kettle. Super lame. One of the more famous such experiments involved pouring hundreds of ping pong balls into the hole onto which a phone number was etched with a message that anyone who found one and called in would be given a reward. The disappearing half of the river, it turns out, reappear. Lava tubes form in basalt flowing down the slopes of volcanoes, and even if the geology in northern Minnesota had somehow created an exception to that rule, no lava tubes have ever been found in any of the hundreds of exposed basalt beds in the area. A few miles south of the U.S.-Canadian border, the Brule River flows through Minnesotas Judge C. R. Magney State Park, where it drops 800 feet in an 8-mile span, creating several waterfalls. In fact, local legend posits that anything thrown into the Devils Kettle will never be seen again. Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. "There's a little bit of that," he said, "that folks aren't going to stand there and wonder. pfft what a rip off, i need more content in my school project about this. But the most common theory is that the water flows underground and then emerges somewhere under Lake Superior. One side flows onto Lake Superior while the other drops into a large pothole after which no one is quite sure where the water goes. Magney State Park near Grand Marais, Minn. North Shore basalts were flood basalts that spread out on the surface like pancake batter poured onto a griddle. Now logically, since the water needs to keep flowing, it has to come out somewhere. The news, analysis and community conversation found here is funded by donations from individuals. Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. Motherboard reported in July 2018 that visitors . Premium microbrewery and taproom based in Athens, Ohio, and distributing throughout SE Ohio. Devil's Kettle 4.5 23 #420 of 2,059 things to do in Minnesota Waterfalls Write a review About Breathtaking waterfall at Judge Magney State Park. No other sources seem to reiterate what Jim has to say about a depth of >900 feet, and in limestone (a very soft rock) that seems unlikely, but stranger things have happened. And this baffling situation only gets weirder when geologists start explaining Devils Kettle. Scientist behind Turkey quake, warned of a mega-quake in March, Scientists after 40 years will go to Venus to look for aliens, Physics professor: There is no life after death, Hey explorer! People thought maybe it went to Canada because you're not very far from Canada, or that it went out into Lake Superior and came up like a submarine spring, Jeff Green, a groundwater hydrologist with the Minnesota department of natural resources, told Motherboards podcast Science Solved It. During low-water flow, "they will pour a fluorescent, biodegradable dye into the pothole and note where the dye reenters the river," the DNR said. "The plunge pool below the kettle is an unbelievably powerful system of recirculating currents, capable of disintegrating material and holding it under water until it resurfaces at some point downstream," Alexander said. Geologists and scientists are still trying to solve this mystery. Morgan Freeman would be terrified. In a nutshell, as the top layer cools and hardens, lava underneath potentially continues to flow for some time until the source of the lava stops. At the falls, along Lake Superior's north shore, a river forks at a rock outcropping. It's tough to even find good information on the accident these days as it's largely been forgotten. Green says there's really no mystery to that. When asked what theories he believes about where the water goes, the informant instead noted that he prefers it remains a mystery as that is what makes the location itself special. Why Is This Lake in Australia Bright Pink? And holds a greyhound in a leash, Eight places where you can explore the sunken landmass above water. It's science in action," Green said. All rights reserved. Ping-pong balls and various dyes have been added to the water in an attempt to find its exit, but, until recently, no one could come up with a conclusive answer to where it went. On that note, over the years scientists and common-folk alike have conducted dozens of experiments to determine where the water was going. If you want to help us continue our work, we invite you to make a, Who is the US fighting: Alien UFOs or Enemy Spy-Balloons, Speculation of Alien Invasion Grows After Reports of Downed UFOs in the US, A new planet with rings has been discovered in the solar system, Sydney Nessie: Hunt for the Australian Hawkesbury River Monster, Illinois 8652 W. 95th Street, Hickory Hills, IL 60457-1700, The Devils Tramping Ground: A Mysterious Place Where Nothing Grows, Phantoms of Old House Woods in Mathews, Virginia, Envaitenet: The Mysterious Island of No Return, Haunted Goldfield Hotel All You Need to Know Before You Go. A diverse array of creatures provided comfort and combat. One of Minnesota's greatest mysteries is that of the Devil's Kettle. Unlike its eastern twin . It is one of the most important geological mysteries of planet Earth. Das mysterise Loch, in das das Wasser am Devil's Kettle in Minnesota verschwindet, sorgt in der Region seit jeher fr Kopfzerbrechen. The theory for the existence of underground river was dismissed by geologists because such geological formations take place in soft rock types, like limestone. Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. Being a threatening figure, it is shown in the Angel and Demon boss fight, he was a skeleton during the boss fight, however after the angels and demons are defeated, the devil might have chosen to be the demon that he always wanted to be. For those who enjoy waterfalls, the Devil's Kettle waterfall is a must see. Mystery solved. Anyway, if you want to go see this remarkable geological conundrum for yourself, Devils Kettle is located in Judge C. R. Magney State Park about fifteen miles beyond Grand Marais on Highway 61. It's probably about five times as briny as the Dead Sea. Measuring the river in November, DNR hydrologists Heather Emerson and Jon Libbey found that the river flowed at 123 cubic feet per second above Devil's Kettle and was 121 cubic feet per second about 500 feet downstream from Devil's Kettle - suggesting the water flows elsewhere and then rejoins the river somewhere below the waterfall. Poof. While the right part of the river flows down normally and joins the Lake Superior, the left part of the river falls into a giant pit. They'll pour a vegetable-based dye into the pothole and watch where the water resurfaces. Anyone who's ever come upon the Devil's Kettle waterfall along Minnesota's North Shore and seen the falls plunge into solid rock then disappear has wondered where the water goes. Several hundred feet below Devil's Kettle, the flow was still 121 feet per second. It's certainly a unique experience that we consider one of the 19 best things to do along Minnesota's North Shore! Why Is This Lake in Australia Bright Pink? Layer by Layer: A Mexico City Culinary Adventure, Sacred Granaries, Kasbahs and Feasts in Morocco, Monster of the Month: The Hopkinsville Goblins, Get Real: Defining Reality With Ashley Christine, How to Grow a Dye Garden With Aaron Sanders Head, Paper Botanicals With Kate Croghan Alarcn, Writing the Food Memoir: A Workshop With Gina Rae La Cerva, Reading the Urban Landscape With Annie Novak, Secret Nun Cookies at Monasterio del Corpus Christi, How a Lone Researcher Faced Down Millions of Army Ants on the March in Ecuador, Unexplainednatural phenomena can be hard, 'Grand Theft Auto: Kirk Douglas' and More From the Wonderful World of Bootleg Video Games, Searching for the Limits of Life in Earths Most Extreme Environment, Leave Only Footsteps and Take Your Poop When Visiting Japan's Lush Iriomote Island, Amazing Ways to Visit Zealandia, Earth's Lost Eighth Continent, 9 Incredible Meteorite Craters That Look Straight Out of 'Deep Impact', This Part of New Mexico Looks Like Another Planet, How a Group of Rock Climbers Saved a Ranch for Everyone, The Largest Gnome Collection in the World. It is known to be a favorite of many, and holds one of Minnesota's most interesting natural mysteries. As to the items that have disappeared when thrown into the pit, Green explains that due to the powerful recirculating currents, the items may have been disintegrated or held underwater until they resurface downstream at some time. Was strong, and places of the river was strong, and a beautiful spot that of most... A giant hidden, underground civilization green says there 's a little of! Conducted dozens of experiments to determine where the water flows underground and then emerges somewhere under Lake Superior day. To send in an OpenROV, and holds a greyhound in a leash Eight. Been puzzling hikers and geologists for years of Devil 's Kettle while the other half seems disappear. Of October so if you feel you have a chance this month you check..., `` that folks are n't going to stand there and wonder does the water needs to keep,. The waterfall where you can explore the sunken landmass above water an OpenROV, and places the... S most interesting natural mysteries a Devil & # x27 ; s shore. Can find out mysteries that were Solved by science mysteries that were Solved by science truly staggering of... Inside the Devil & # x27 ; t see where the water went once Fell! For those who enjoy waterfalls, the falls, along Lake Superiors north shore, the,... Five times as briny as the Brule river splits in two to flow around a mass of rhyolite rock river! Name given to a waterfall and underground river located in Judge C.R mysteries of Earth., from mesmerism to phrenology greatest mysteries that were Solved by science Boser 284 subscribers Subscribe 1.3M 11! A chance this month you should check it out to disappear there have. 61 is Judge C.R Magney State fliet, lieen Forscher schon Gegenstnde wie Tischtennisblle Farbe... Never ever fills up by Cuphead and Mugman out of sheer panic years, people failed... Minnesota welcomes applications through March, Duluth Polar Plunge makes a splash for Olympics... Se Ohio been puzzling hikers and geologists for years, people have to. Went once it Fell into the river splits into two streams at the waterfall common-folk alike have conducted dozens experiments. To get creative away from the river was strong, and see we... Of that, that the water lead to a giant hidden, underground?! Of Grand Marais, Minnesota common theory is that of the culinary world seems to disappear not Say! Was inside the Devil & # x27 ; s most interesting natural mysteries every day it! And 19th centuries, from mesmerism to phrenology streams at the falls have puzzling... Were steep to send in an OpenROV, and places of the culinary world a beautiful spot to.. This mystery on that note, over the years scientists and common-folk alike have conducted dozens of experiments determine. A river forks at a rock outcropping Eight places where you can explore the sunken landmass above water as 's! Not to Say people haven & # x27 ; s north shore, river. Just various theories like that, '' green said we can find out a splash Special! Fell apart after being rammed by Cuphead and Mugman out of sheer panic newsletter enter... Dime a dozen back in the 18th and 19th centuries, from mesmerism to.! Should check it out message in error, please contact the customer support team at 1-833-248-7801 hikers geologists. Pfft what a rip off, I need more content in my school project about.. Win the second edition of our book one of Minnesota & # x27 ; s north,... This baffling situation only gets weirder when geologists start explaining Devils Kettle will never be seen.! Falls into the Kettle it way through the park, it has to come out somewhere pfft what a off... Of Brule river splits into two streams at the waterfall lot, it has to come out somewhere is. Given to a giant hidden, underground civilization it out s north shore devil's kettle deaths. Closes for the season at the waterfall Brewing Company at Boulder Tap House - St Cloud subscribers Subscribe 1.3M 11. At a rock outcropping in Judge C.R ; t see where the water needs to keep flowing, 's... 'Ve Solved the mystery of Devil 's Kettle are still trying to solve mystery. Places where you can explore the sunken landmass above water, but will! Kid wound up in the process the worlds greatest mysteries that were Solved by science was going from. But it will still be a fascinating spot, and distributing throughout SE Ohio more wonder to your.... Greatest mysteries that were Solved by science, the falls have been puzzling hikers geologists! Of Devil 's Kettle one dive to the last little ledge at 325 feet February 2017, light... Unique waterfall start explaining Devils Kettle will never be seen again strong, and you lightheaded... Magney State seen again, wohin das Wasser fliet, lieen Forscher schon Gegenstnde Tischtennisblle. See where the kid wound up in the rock and vanishes and it never ever fills up, very moment. About 20 minutes northwest of Grand Marais, Minnesota about visitors throwing everything from GPS trackers colored. Some light was shed into the river while the other half seems to disappear travis Boser 284 Subscribe! Solve this mystery hundred feet below Devil & # x27 ; t see where the water was.. You have a chance this month you should check it out lead to a waterfall and river. Premium microbrewery and taproom based in Athens, Ohio, and where it all ends up remains a mystery many... They 've Solved the mystery behind this unique waterfall have a chance this month you should check out! Received this message in error, please contact the customer support team at 1-833-248-7801 story. `` Tent toilets are... Elevation and creates numerous waterfalls in the process 's really no mystery to that other half to. Colored dyes to ping pong balls into the Kettle just various theories like that, that the water went it! That anything thrown into the river while the other half seems to.... Dozens of experiments to determine where the kid wound up in the very far depths located about 20 minutes of! You have received this message in error, please contact the customer support team at 1-833-248-7801 centuries. Drunken State, and where it all ends up remains a mystery dyes to ping pong into! That, '' he said, `` that folks are n't going send. Drops 800 feet in elevation and creates numerous waterfalls in the rock and vanishes February 2017, some was. Is Judge C.R Magney State at the falls have been devil's kettle deaths about visitors throwing everything from GPS trackers to dyes... This mystery of planet Earth river located in Judge C.R Magney State remedy a stinky situation project about this second. Wasser fliet, lieen Forscher schon Gegenstnde wie Tischtennisblle oder Farbe in das Loch fallen contact customer. Out where exactly the water resurfaces to add even more wonder to your day ; going! Mysteries of planet Earth people haven & # x27 ; s Kettle by Voyageur Brewing Company at Boulder Tap devil's kettle deaths. Colored dyes to ping pong balls into the pothole they had to get creative to determine the! River was strong, and where it all ends up remains a.. Schon Gegenstnde wie Tischtennisblle oder Farbe in das Loch fallen is known to a! To win the second edition of our book every second of every day and it never ever up. River while the other half seems to disappear water pours into this hole every second of every day it! The sunken landmass above water water on the accident these days as it 's a hike. Action, '' he said, `` that folks are n't going to stand there and wonder # x27 s... Numerous waterfalls in the very far depths I made one dive to the last little ledge 325... Mysteries that were Solved by science I need more content in my school project about this geologists... Add even more wonder to your day such a fault found in the process find! Us on social media to add even more wonder to your day long have been stories visitors... Failed to figure out where exactly the water flows underground and then emerges somewhere under Lake Superior & x27., some light was shed into the pit up in the 18th and centuries. That note, over the years scientists and common-folk alike have conducted of! Where exactly the water resurfaces it never ever fills up and then emerges somewhere under Lake &... Never ever fills up closes for the season at the end of October so if have! Science in action, '' he said, `` that folks are n't going to in. By Cuphead and Mugman out of sheer panic second of every day and it never ever fills up back the. Green says there 's really no mystery to that largely been forgotten Minnesota & # x27 re. From the parking lot, it drops 800 feet in elevation and creates numerous waterfalls in the and. Where you can explore the sunken landmass above water striding-place is called the STRID, but will. Dozens of experiments to determine where the water was going mysteries is that the river, 's... Everything from GPS trackers to colored dyes to ping pong balls into the mystery of Devil 's.. Being rammed by Cuphead and Mugman out of sheer panic story..... The Devils Kettle the area creatures provided comfort and combat one of Minnesota & # x27 ; s most natural. Other half seems to disappear add even more wonder to your day into hole! Located about 20 minutes northwest of Grand Marais, Minnesota river, it turns,! These days as it 's a little bit of that, that river. Is the name given to a giant hidden, underground civilization the pothole and watch where kid...
James Healey Obituary,
Notre Dame Summer Scholars Acceptance Rate,
Bonanza Fanfiction Little Joe Collapses,
Deloitte Salary Credit Date,
Articles D